Gharavi, H., "Image Coding Techniques," US Patent no. 4,578,704, March 1986, Assignee: AT&T Bell Laboratories.

Gharavi, H., "Conditional Quantization of Gray Level and Color Images," US Patent no. 4,613,948, September 1986, Assignee: Bellcore.

Gharavi, H., "Methods and Apparatus for Low Bit-rate Interframe Video Coding,"(This patent covers the macro-blocking aspect shared by all video coding standards such as ITU-T H.261, MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and ITU-T H.263), US Patent no. 4,821,119, April 1989, Assignee: Bellcore.

Gharavi, H., "Differential Sub-band Coding," US Patent no. 4,969,040, Nov. 6, 1990, Assignee: Bellcore.

Gharavi, H., "Two-dimensional Block Scanning for Subband Image and Video Coding,"US patent no. 5,276,525, Jan.4,1994, Assignee: Bellcore

Gharavi, H., "Blockmatching Motion Estimation for Video Codec," US patent no. 5,200,820, Apr. 6, 1993, Assignee: Bellcore.

Gharavi, H., "Multilayer Universal Video Coder," US Patent no. 5,235,420, Aug.10, 1993, Assignee: Bellcore.

Gharavi, H., "Efficient Coding Scheme for Multi-Level Video Transmission," US Patent no.5,253,058, October 12,1993, Assignee: Bellcore

H. Gharavi and K. Ban, “Master-Salve Cluster Based Multihop Ad-hoc networking,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60,439,072, NIST #03-004PA, 01/09/03.